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David Morrison is a senior scientist at the Solar System Exploration Research Virtual Institute, at NASA Ames Research Center in Mountain View, California. Morrison is the former director of the Carl Sagan Center for Study of Life in the Universe at the SETI Institute and of the NASA Lunar Science Institute . He is the past Director of Space at NASA Ames. Morrison is credited as the founder of the multi-disciplinary field of astrobiology. Morrison is best known for his work in risk assessment of near Earth objects such as asteroids and comets.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1992STIN...9234245M )〕 Asteroid 2410 Morrison was named in his honor for his work on the subject since 1991. Morrison also known for his "Ask an Astrobiologist" series on NASA's website where he provides answers to questions submitted by the public about a variety of topics from 2012 doomsday hoaxes to planetary habitability to discovery of planets outside our solar system.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://astrobiology2.arc.nasa.gov/ask-an-astrobiologist/faq )〕 He has published 12 books and over 150 papers primarily on Planetary Science, Astrobiology and Near Earth Object subjects.〔 ==Background== Morrison earned his PhD in astronomy from Harvard University. He served as a science investigator on Mariner, Voyager and Galileo space science mission. Morrison received the Dryden Medal for research of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, the Carl Sagan Medal of the American Astronomical Society for public Communication, and the Klumpke-Roberts Award of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific for his contributions to science education. NASA has also awarded him Outstanding Leadership medals twice as well as the Presidential Meritorious Rank.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.nasa.gov/centers/ames/research/2007/morrison.html )〕 David Morrison has held a variety of senior science management positions at NASA Headquarters in Washington and at Ames Research Center in California. In Washington he was the first Program Scientist for the Galileo mission to Jupiter, where he was responsible for defining the mission objectives and recommending the instruments and science investigations that were selected for this mission. He also served as Deputy Associate Administrator for what is now called the NASA Science Mission Directorate, which is responsible for all NASA space science and flight missions.〔 At NASA Ames, he has been Chief of the Space Science Division, Director Space, and most recently the founding Director of the NASA Lunar Science Institute. His responsibilities included the major NASA missions Lunar Pathfinder, Kepler, and SOFIA. Morrison has served as Councilor of the American Astronomical Society, Chair of the Division for Planetary Science of the American Astronomical Society, President of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Chair of the Astronomy Section of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and both President of Commission 16 (Planets and Satellites) and of the Working Group on Near Earth Objects of the International Astronomical Union.〔 Before going to NASA, Morrison was an academic research scientist working in planetary science and space missions. He was Professor of Astronomy at the University of Hawaii, where he also directed the 3-meter NASA Infrared Telescope Facility of Mauna Kea Observatory 〔"Evaluation of Mauna Kea, Hawaii, as an Observatory Site," Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 85: 255 267, 1973〕 and served for two years as University Vice Chancellor for Research. His research accomplishments include demonstration of the uniform high surface temperature of Venus,〔"Venus: Absence of a Phase Effect at a 2 centimeter Wavelength," Science 163: 815 817, 1969〕 the discovery that Neptune has a large internal heat source while its “twin” planet Uranus does not,〔"Temperatures of Uranus and Neptune at 24 Microns," Astrophysical Journal 179: 329 331, 1973〕 determination of the surface composition of Pluto,〔"Pluto: Evidence for Methane Frost," Science 194: 835 837, 1976〕 first ground-based measurements of the heat flow from Jupiter’s volcanic moon Io,〔"lo: Observational Constraints on Internal Energy and Thermophysics of the Surface," Icarus 44: 226 233, 1980〕 discovery of the fundamental division of the asteroids into dark (primitive) and light (stony) classes,〔"Surface Properties of Asteroids: A Synthesis of Polarimetry, Radiometry, and Spectrophotometry," Icarus 25: 104 130, 1975〕 and the first quantitative estimate of the cosmic impact hazard.〔"Impacts on the Earth by Asteroids and Comets: Assessing the Hazard” Nature 367: 33-40, 1994〕 As a founder of the multidisciplinary field of astrobiology, Morrison was also co-chair of the first NASA Astrobiology Roadmap workshop and report.〔"The NASA Astrobiology Program.” Astrobiology 1: 3-13, 2001〕 Morrison has also made many contributions to teaching astronomy and space science, including authorship of leading college undergraduate texts in astronomy and planetary science. He is a popular public writer and lecturer, promoting a scientific and fact-based perspective about such topics as Emmanuel Velikovsky’s pseudocosmology,〔"Velikovsky at 50” Skeptic Magazine 9, 2001〕 the evolution-creationist conflict,〔"Only a Theory: Framing the Evolution-Creation Debate”, Skeptical Inquirer Nov-Dec 2005〕 climate change denialism,〔Disinformation about Global Warming”, Skeptical Inquirer Volume 34.2, March / April 2010〕 and the 2012 doomsday hoax.〔"Doomsday 2012, Nibiru, and Cosmophobia”(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.astrosociety.org/2012/ )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「David Morrison (astrophysicist)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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